Psychosomatic Medicine
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Published online before print March 30, 2007, 10.1097/PSY.0b013e31803139a6
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Right arrow Immunology
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Immune Function Declines With Unemployment and Recovers After Stressor Termination

Frances Cohen, PhD, Margaret E. Kemeny, PhD, Leonard S. Zegans, MD, Paul Johnson, MPhil, Kathleen A. Kearney, PhD and Daniel P. Stites, MD

From the Health Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry (F.C., M.E.K, P.J., K.K.), Department of Psychiatry (L.E.Z.), and Department of Laboratory Medicine (D.P.S.), University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA.


Figure 12
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  		Figure 1. Mean natural killer cell cytotoxicity at 3 effector:target ratios for unemployed and employed participants averaged over 4-month study period; n = 150. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. *p < .05 for unemployed versus employed sample; **p < .01 for unemployed versus employed sample; ***p < .001 for unemployed versus employed sample.

 

Figure 22
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  		Figure 2. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity (100:1 effector:target ratio) at 4 monthly time points for employed and unemployed groups; n = 150. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean.

 

Figure 32
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  		Figure 3. Mean natural killer cell cytotoxicity at 3 effector:target ratios for unemployed and employed time periods (for the unemployed subsample who became employed) and for the matched employed subsample; n = 24 for each subsample. For matched pairs, the same time periods were used as those in the unemployed subsample. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. *p < .05 for unemployed time periods versus employed time periods for the unemployed who got new jobs; **p < .01 for unemployed time periods versus employed time periods for the unemployed who got new jobs.

 

Figure 42
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  		Figure 4. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity at 3 effector:target ratios for last unemployed time point and first employed time point (for the unemployed subsample who became employed) and for the matched employed subsample; n = 24 for each subsample. For matched pairs, the same time points were used as those in the unemployed subsample. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean. *p < .05 for the last unemployed time point versus the first time point after becoming employed for the unemployed who got new jobs.

 

Figure 52
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  		Figure 5. Natural killer cell cytotoxicity (100:1 effector:target ratio) for last unemployed time point and first employed time point shown separately for participants re-employed at months 2, 3, and 4; n = 24. Error bars represent standard errors of the mean.

 




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