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Frailty is Associated With Incident Alzheimer’s Disease and Cognitive Decline in the Elderly

From the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center (A.S.B., P.A.B., R.S.W., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center; Department of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., R.S.W., D.A.B.), Rush University Medical Center; Department of Behavioral Science (P.A.B., R.S.W.), Rush University Medical Center; Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal Medicine (Y.T.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois.

View larger version (9K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Figure 1. Frailty and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A. Baseline frailty. This figure shows the cumulative hazard of AD during the study for two participants: The first has low baseline frailty, i.e., better performance, measured at baseline (solid line; 10th percentile: –0.75 frailty units) and a second with high baseline frailty, i.e., poorer performance (dotted line; 90th percentile: 0.68 frailty units), adjusted for age, gender, and education. B. Annual rate of change in frailty. This figure shows the cumulative hazard of AD during the study for two participants: The first has a mildly decreasing rate of change in frailty, i.e., improving performance (solid line; 10th percentile: –0.20 frailty units/year) and a second with a rapidly increasing rate of change in frailty, i.e., deteriorating performance (dotted line; 90th percentile: 0.39 frailty units/year), adjusted for age, gender, education, and baseline frailty.